Chapter 4: Physical Instruction for Young Children

Guiding Principle

To achieve the goal of increasing physical fitness by utilizing the key elements of guidance:

1. Principles of spontaneous useassume (office)Dr. Arthur Thomas Jersild, American Child Psychological Developmental ScientistThe principle of development, that is, young children in the process of development, their own spontaneous development of the ability to their own part of the will, the more he likes to do, such as just learned to crawl the child, the more he likes to crawl, just learned to pronounce the child, the more he likes to speak, when the child is very serious about playing, the adult had better avoid to say to him, "Do not play," to interrupt his game, is to see the danger, the adult had better be able to remove the danger so that the child can continue to play. If you see any danger, it is best for adults to remove the danger so that children can continue to play.


2. Principles of interestWhen the object of the activity has a positive attraction to children, children will actively engage in it and naturally make rapid progress. That attraction is "interest", so interest should be helpful to children's development so that children's diversified activities and creativity can begin.


3. Principles of experienceIn the activities, they can personally solve the problems, the experience gained is called "experience", young children can not be like adults, have the ability to think in the abstract, can not be from the thinking, can know the result, must be personally contacted in order to get the experience, the young children's sensory function, motor function, to learn to experience, so the instruction of the young children's physical ability, can not be taught only with the "mouth bar", but to use good Therefore, the instruction of physical fitness for young children cannot be taught only by "talking", but rather by good demonstrations for young children to see, and also for young children to experience for themselves in order to understand.


4. Principles of exercise.Doing the same thing over and over again is called "practicing", and doing it over and over again is more than just doing it over and over again, it's also about having the goal of making progress, psychologists say.Edward Lee ThorndikeAs advocated, "the law of use" and "the law of effect" should be considered, and learning will be effective. The coordinated movement of nerves and muscles is the pattern of movement. That is, the establishment of neuronal circuits can only be established after a certain direction and repeated stimulation. The most important thing is to avoid forced learning, and it is best to allow young children to do it spontaneously.


5. Principles of Suggestion (PSS)Other people to themselves, the proposed language or action that can stimulate you, to feel; perception; behavior; sensibility; thinking; beliefs, etc., will have an impact on you, is called "suggestion". Suggestions can have results, is determined by the suggestor, and the interpersonal relationship between the suggestor, generally speaking, if the suggestee has confidence in the suggestor, then the suggestive behavior is more likely to achieve, such as kindergarten teachers to the student's suggestion, or the family in the parent-child relationship of the suggestive behavior, it is easier to achieve. Suggestion is very helpful in the instruction of young children's physical fitness. For example, when instructing a child to do a forward roll, the teacher will first say to the child, "Roll over like a ball", which is a suggestion with words, or the teacher will demonstrate the action of rolling over like a ball for the child to see, which is a suggestion to the child with actions. After being hinted, he can learn the forward roll movement very quickly.


6. Principles of Individualization and Socialization (個別化與社會的原理)Every toddler is born with his/her own personality traits, but personality is not fixed, it will be changed by the influence of the environment. The early childhood is the budding period of individuality, so it is important to guide them in the direction of good development during the early childhood. Although each individual has his/her own personality, he/she has to be accepted by the group, i.e. he/she has to have a good social nature. Early childhood is also a time for socialization, as children can express their individuality nakedly in their choice of activities, but they can also develop their sociality in group play.