I've been to Portland, Oregon, on the west coast of the United States several times, and I've always been impressed. The city has been recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as a "Clean Energy Capital. Let's start with the results: Portland's carbon dioxide emissions have dropped by 21 TP3T in absolute terms and 201 TP3T per capita compared to 1990 levels. The U.S. federal government does not designate any state or city as a "Low Carbon Pilot Program". The City of Portland's experience is that it is a low-carbon pilot program that was developed by its citizens.